The Effects of Social Networking Sites on an Individuals Life

Presentation Social systems administration can be named and portrayed as the grabbing of people. This is done into explicit gatherings. For this situation, it ought to be realized that long range interpersonal communication is most famous online than in some other spot. We can not preclude the presence of long range interpersonal communication in different spots like work environment and schools however it has been increasingly famous on the web and this is a reality that we as a whole need to consent to. Promoting We will compose a custom exploration paper test on The Effects of Social Networking Sites on an Individual’s Life explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The web is loaded up with a large number of individuals who are searching for new encounters the extent that gathering others and making companions is concerned (Kelsey 13). Different parts of sharing data have additionally gotten lately and this implies long range interpersonal communication has ach ieved another way to deal with people connections. This implies it has accompanied different effects that should be assessed and taken a gander at. Such effects and impacts can be taken a gander at from alternate points of view contingent upon what we hope to see and assess. As much as informal communication regularly includes gathering people for a shared objective, we have to fundamentally assess the interpersonal interaction destinations that have been molding the entire part of associating as time passes by. This in this manner carries us to the significant point and part of interpersonal interaction destinations. For this situation, an interpersonal interaction site lays more accentuation on building social relations (Powers 21). This can be among individuals who share various interests or have some particular qualities that they can be unmistakably related to. Long range interpersonal communication destinations have additionally been known to give a virtual network that spins around explicit angles. For this situation, individuals with normal and shared interests can impart with no issue. Conversation Social systems administration destinations It ought to be realized that person to person communication locales have effectsly affected individuals’ lives. This paper will in this manner center around the impacts of long range interpersonal communication locales on an individual’s life. This is on the grounds that person to person communication destinations have been know to have various impacts relying upon the client. For instance, long range interpersonal communication locales can influence an understudies learning in a brood way. Then again, informal communication locales can likewise affect a people work life (Kelsey 19). Publicizing Looking for research paper on it? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These are the impacts that this paper looks to break down and assess. It ought to be r ealized that long range informal communication locales have positive and negative impacts. It is subsequently significant that such angles are taken a gander at for long haul manageability. Long range interpersonal communication locales impactsly affect the general public, people, connections, the adolescent, understudies, young people, correspondence and others. These destinations have transformed ourselves in a wide and they will keep on changing the manner in which we relate as time passes by. We are depicted as social creatures and this depends on our capacity to frame social gatherings. Face book, YouTube, My space, Twitter and others have empowered people to frame groups that have upset their communication. With this sort of administrations around us, you can be certain that they will at last change the manner in which we relate with one another (Baron 9). Long range informal communication has empowered individuals to meet with others without essentially venturing out to vario us areas. This can be a tragically deceased companion or classmate whom you have not found in some time. Outline For this situation, you can associate and re-interface with various lost companions. This is undoubtedly. Interpersonal interaction destinations have achieved disarray our powerless ties and solid ties. For this situation, there is no differentiation between real companions and different associates and this ought to be a stressing pattern undoubtedly. It ought to be realized that most people set aside some effort to keep up associations with individuals that they have never observed. For this situation, they squander a great deal of endeavors to keep up these connections yet they have never known each other actually (Barham 17). Interpersonal interaction locales have prompted electronic connections and this has made individuals to distort themselves. Most people battle and endeavor to show their best side and this is an awful point of reference. There are people who keep up namelessness on person to person communication destinations and this can be hazardous. It ought to be realized that long range informal communication locales have a high network and these progressions the manner in which people respond to others. Publicizing We will compose a custom exploration paper test on The Effects of Social Networking Sites on an Individual’s Life explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This point can be soundly centered around singular understudies and laborers who are on long range informal communication locales (Wilson 27). For this situation, the effect and impacts of person to person communication locales can be in the study hall and at work. The reliance on person to person communication destinations has expanded as of late and this isn't acceptable to the extent the social part of people is concerned. Most people and understudies need social aptitudes since they are commonly against social. Impacts and effects Social systems adm inistration destinations have influenced and decreased efficiency in the working environment and this stick be demonstrated past sensible uncertainty. These locales make interruption in the work environment and they have cost different associations a ton of cash. For this situation, people will invest their energy organizing as opposed to being beneficial undoubtedly. There has been a contention that most representatives go through nearly 60 minutes at chip away at person to person communication locales and this time can be utilized on something different (Baron 34). Long range informal communication destinations have become some portion of employees’ lives and associations should concoct better methods of moving toward this issue. A business can just profit by person to person communication locales most definitely. This is on the grounds that it offers a huge stage to advance organizations and this ought to be benefited from. Most workers face low execution scores on account of long range interpersonal communication destinations and this ought to be assessed. Understudies are the most dynamic part on long range informal communication destinations and this implies they have been influenced in a wide manner. Understudies have been dependent on these destinations and this has influenced their focus both in class and at home. There is a contention that in the event that you have not conversed with an individual for a year, you can tell his/her life by following his page or updates (Kelsey 25). Most understudies show and suggest that there is a major connection among fulfillment and person to person communication locales. For this situation, they are suggesting that understudies who utilize such destinations are more happy with their lives than those ones who don't utilize them.Advertising Searching for research paper on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It has been noticed that most understudies utilize person to person communication destinations to follow on explicit points that are even past their age. This is an awful point of reference in the general public on the grounds that such understudies have wound up knowing things that they shouldn't know about. A great many people don't peruse customary papers since they can get to them on interpersonal interaction locales and this affects the typical business conventions. It has been demonstrated that the general comprehension of the term long range interpersonal communication has been distorted by people as time passes by and this should be surely known (Powers 37). Misdirecting and misconceptions on long range informal communication have gotten a great deal of issues our general public and this ought to be demystified. Visiting doesn't mean honing of social abilities and this implies people have been doing everything incorrectly. Most people are profoundly reliant on innovation to c ollaborate and this influences their character in a wide manner. People ought to communicate with their general surroundings and this can not be upgraded through informal communication in any capacity. As much as they give an outlet to individuals to communicate this can generally be mishandled in light of the fact that there are sure morals that have not been clung to (Wilson 36). Others utilize damaging language on person to person communication locales and this can be upsetting. For this situation you can not control what others state on such person to person communication destinations. Individuals have various characters most definitely. For this situation, an individual can introduce an alternate character online than what he/she is notable for. This will consequently cause tumult when the two characters interface in any capacity. A model is the acceleration of wrongdoings that have expanded on account of person to person communication locales. Web based dating has been expandi ng as time passes by and the negative impacts are for the most part observed when couples meet eye to eye just because (Barham 37). This is on the grounds that an individual can be baffled in what she or she is seeing as they can meet an alternate individual from what they were intended to accept is the genuine picture. We as a whole concur that it is simpler to type the data that someone needs as opposed to what you really depend on and this is terrible. End These are a portion of the impacts that long range informal communication destinations have had on individuals’ lives. For this situation, you can without much of a stretch cheat about your actual character and this has hoodwinked individuals and driven them into major issues. A few youngsters have met individuals who can hurt them on the web. Indeed, there are situations where an adolescent can meet with someone on the web and afterward proceed to be impregnated at this point she doesn't have the foggiest idea about his other life (Powers 27). A few people post bare and terrible pictures on person to person communication locales and this has be

Antonio Gramscis Theory of Hegemony

Antonio Gramscis Theory of Hegemony Authority is the procedures by which prevailing society keeps up its predominant situation: for instance, the utilization of organizations to formalize power; the work of an administration to cause capacity to appear to be theoretical (and, accordingly, not connected to any one individual); the teaching of the people in the goals of the hegomonic bunch through instruction, publicizing, distribution, and so forth.; the activation of a police power just as military faculty to stifle resistance. In universal relations, there is a merged custom that partners authority and world request. All things considered, the connection between the two factors, their understanding, and the course of the causal connection between them, is as yet a matter of academic discussion. The meaning of authority and a domain has been fervently bantered in the course of recent decades. Some accept authority is a strategy to dodge the word domain and the negative implications that are related with it. Others accept that an authority is a progressively specialized, all around considered type of a domain. Some trust it is a lesser type of colonialism. Albeit one thing that isn't contested is the way that authority very well is a type of predominance over a littler, more vulnerable country, and regardless of what one may call it, or how it might be drawn closer, strength will keep on thriving through the ages. Alluding to the association of the worldwide framework after the Second World War, Kindleberger contended that stensibly, the framework was sorted out by rules and global establishments. Truly, it was driven by the United States In this paper, Antonio Gramscis authority approach will be profoundly broke down and inspected and furthermore looked into with the others draws near. GRAMSCIS THEORY OF HEGEMONY So as to comprehend Gramsci and the idea of authority, one needs to take a gander at crafted by Karl Marx. Marxism saw everything in life as dictated by capital. (Williams, R. 1977) The progression of cash influences our relations with others and the world encompassing us. Marx expressed that everything around us, our exercises and lifestyle is controlled by financial substance. As indicated by Marxism, men end up conceived in a procedure free of their will, they can't control it, they can look for just to get it and guide their activities in like manner. (Williams, R. 1977) The class battle was a significant piece of Marxism. Marxism expressed that society must be comprehended as far as a framework where the predominant thoughts are planned by the decision class to make sure about its authority over the average workers. (Williams, R. 1977) Due to misuse, the common laborers will in the long run attempt and change this circumstance through upheaval delivering its own thoughts just as its own mechanical and political association. Marxs work is exceptionally impacted by monetary thinking. He isolates this monetary thinking into two levels, being the base and superstructure. The base is formed by the material creation, cash, protests, the relations of creation and the phase of advancement of gainful powers. (Williams, R. 1977) The superstructure is the place we locate the political and ideological foundations, our social relations, set of thoughts; our societies, expectations, dreams and soul. (Williams, R. 1977) Both the base and superstructure are formed by capital. While one could state that Marx was fundamentally worried about the base and financial issues, Gramscis work looks to concentrate on the superstructure and philosophies. For Gramsci, the class battle should consistently include thoughts and belief systems. These thoughts would prompt an insurgency and to change. Gramsci attempted to assemble a hypothesis which perceived the self-governance, autonomy and significance of culture and belief system. (Ransome, P. 1992) Gramsci made the superstructure a stride further when he partitioned it into organizations that were coercive and those that were definitely not. The coercive ones, were essentially the open establishments, for example, the administration, police, military and the lawful framework which he viewed as the state or political society and the non-coercive ones were the others, for example, the places of worship, the schools, worker's organizations, ideological groups, social affiliations, clubs and family, which he viewed as com mon society. (Boggs, C. 1976) So for Gramsci, society was comprised of the relations of creation just as the state or political society and common society. Gramsci acknowledged the investigation of private enterprise set forward by Marx and acknowledged that the battle between the decision class and the subordinate regular workers was the main impetus that pushed society ahead. (Boggs, C. 1976) Gramsci didn't concur with the idea set forward by Marx that the decision class remained in power exclusively in light of the fact that they had financial force. He therefore presented his own idea utilizing belief system. Philosophy is the mutual thoughts or convictions which serve to legitimize the interests of predominant gatherings. (Boggs, C. 1976) Gramsci felt that ideological force kept the decision class in power since it permitted them to indoctrinate and control the remainder of society. Philosophy is the strong power which ties individuals together. Philosophy, similar to authority must not just express the class interests of the industrialist or average workers. Gramsci demands that philosophy has a material nature in the public activities of people, as belief systems are inserted in mutual methods of living and acting. (R. Simon, 1992) This implies belief systems are exemplified in the social acts of people and in the foundations and associations inside which these social practices occur. Belief system furnishes individuals with the guidelines of useful lead and good conduct. Ideological force originates from standards or shared understandings of how individuals should act ethically in their relations with one another. (R. Simon, 1992) Those who corner ideological force have authority over others. Subordinate gatherings will in general acknowledge the thoughts and estimations of the prevailing gathering without physical or mental impact since they know no better or there are not different other options. (Ransome, P. 1992) From Gramscis see, the bourgeoisie picked up and kept up power because of monetary control and scholarly and moral administration. Here, Gramsci presented another idea which he called authority. Authority is a lot of thoughts by methods for which prevailing gatherings endeavor to tie down the assent of subordinate gatherings to their administration. (Ransome, P. 1992) It happens when prevailing classes in the public arena keep up their predominance convincing different classes of society to acknowledge their good, political and social qualities. This implies the larger part in a populace offer agree to approaches and philosophies actualized by people with great influence. One must not accept that this assent is continually willing. People with significant inf luence may join physical power or pressure with scholarly, good and social influence. (Ransome, P. 1992) The predominant belief system is therefore acknowledged, rehearsed and spread. Authority develops out of social and class battles and serves to shape and impact individuals. As per Gramsci, authority never vanishes yet is continually changed. He portrays two types of social control. The principal type is coercive control which is accomplished using direct power or danger of power. (Simon, R. 1992) The subsequent kind is consensual control which emerges when people intentionally receive the perspective of the predominant gathering. (Simon, R. 1992) Gramsci says that inside common society, the prevailing gathering practices authority which is scholarly mastery over the subordinate gathering or consensual control, though in political society, control is practiced through state or juridical government or coercive control. (Gramsci, A. 1971) These capacities are especially interlinked as in scholarly control is typically gone before by political mastery. Social authority and political government are authorized verifiably in which the predominant gathering makes the most of its position due to its capacity in the realm of creation and legitimately by state coercive force which implements discipline on bunches that don't assent. (Gramsci, A. 1971) This offers ascend to a division of work or specialization and to an entire chain of importance of capabilities. Gramsci expressed that the main way the average workers can accomplish authority is in the event that it considers the interests of different gatherings and social powers and discovers methods of consolidating them with its own advantages. (Ransome, P. 1992) at the end of the day, the common laborers should fabricate collusions with social minorities, considering their battles against the capital class, along these lines fortifying the situation of the regular workers. The work procedure was at the focal point of the class battle however it was the ideological battle that must be tended to if the mass of the individuals were to gone to an acknowledgment that permitted them to scrutinize their political and financial rulers option to run the show. Authority is practiced in common society which is a knot of class battles and vote based battles. (Simon, R. 1992) Hegemony in common society must accomplish administration in the circle of creation taken up by the bourgeoisie, controlling the gainful procedure and accomplishing state power. The individuals who have monetary force have a solid connect to political force and the other way around. The individuals who corner authority over monetary creation, conveyance, trade and utilization is the predominant class which has the most force. An adjustment in authority may happen when the prevailing class starts to separate, making an open door for the subordinate classes to union and develop a development fit for testing the debilitated predominant class and accomplishing authority. In any case, on the off chance that this open door isn't taken, at that point the prevailing class has the chance to revamp new coalitions and restore authority. Authority goes past culture which is the entire social procedure where individuals characterize and shape their lives. It is bases in philosophy which is an arrangement of implications and qualities that communicates a specific class intrigue. (Simo

Buy a Research Outline - Know About Formatting Before You Buy

Buy a Research Outline - Know About Formatting Before You BuyThe first thing you need to do when you decide that you want to buy a research outline is to find out the differences between standard and executive format. The difference between the two is very important, because there are many different reasons that the writing you want to do will be Executive Format and the one you want to use when you're just working on a standard outline.When you buy a research outline from a publisher, most of the time they will not use the Executive Format. They are much more flexible with the format, but the way they are formatted will follow a template that has been used for a while. If you're going to write your own, it's a good idea to know what the style is so that you can adjust it if you don't like the way it's been done.If you are writing a research outline, you can still use the Executive Format. Just don't go with the template. You have plenty of free formatting software that you can use t o create your own outline or to change the template that is already there.The executive format works well for multi-author books that are relatively short. If you have several authors that have made contributions to the content, you can insert them all into one book. This will make your book shorter and more to the point.The research outline is great for books that are longer, since it will have lots of pages and it won't take a lot of time to read through it. Most people don't have time to read through a long book that they have to go back to over again. This is one of the reasons that people choose an outline.When you are working on a bookshelf, there are going to be a lot of books that you don't like. It's the same thing with an outline. Even though you may like a certain topic, there are going to be many books out there that will turn you off, so you can rewrite the books for a later date and have an outline ready.When you buy a research outline, you have to know that it has bee n done before. I know that you have to keep your outline up to date as the years go by, but there are lots of companies that are willing to sell those types of outlines to you. You have to take the time to learn the outline format.If you go online and search for an outline, you will get a list of companies that sell them. Most of the time they are sold for a few dollars, but some of them are sold for a hundred dollars or more. Your chances of getting a better deal online is higher than the chances of finding them in a book store.

Christianity in Shakespeares Tempest Essay - 1268 Words

The fact that Shakespeare was enveloped by a society steeped in Christian ideals cannot be disputed. Plays such as the Tempest make this fact known. The main plot and the subplots of the Tempest can be extracted directly from the Bible. Prosperos character is largely the same as the god found in Christianity. Shakespeare wrote the Tempest with the portrayal of a Christian god and Christian motifs in mind. Consider the following facts as evidence. Both works begin with gods who possess power in the forms of words or books, and both gods use the written power to create. The power of the gods is mainly white magic, a magic which attempts to bring about a good end. The creations later become a facet for manipulation for the†¦show more content†¦Sharper than any two- edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart. (Hebrews 4:12) The books are not the only source of power for Prospero and god. An audience is required to make both believable. In the Epilogue to the Tempest Prospero states: Now tis true, I must be here confined by you. (Epilogue 3-4) This could be a reference to the Elizabethan audiences hold on Shakespeare, but foremost it is a statement of the limitations of Prosperos magic without the support of beings such as Caliban, who believe Prospero possesses magic. Without an audience Prosperos power is nothing. Similarly, it can be speculated that God is an image which is dependent solely on the power of the human mind to create him. Without a human audience there would be no god and no Prospero. So it can be safely stated that the purpose of creating servants was primarily to validate the gods status. The god of the Old Testament and Prospero both deal with white magic. Prosperos skills are used to bring about an ultimate good whichShow MoreRelated The Tempest: Allegorical to the Bible Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tempest: Allegorical to the Bible The Tempest is not a pure fantasy tale, but a purposeful allegory. The characters in the play are all representative of characters found in the bible. The first, and perhaps most persuasive, arguement would be Prospero symbolizing God. Prospero is seen to be a representative of God for several reasons. First, he is obviously in control of the actions and has an omnipotent quality. This has been demonstrated by several scenes throughout the play. ConsiderRead MoreThe Tempest - William Shakespeare Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough William Shakespeare’s The Tempest is often categorized as his late romance, its plots reflect the major social movement of that time—the Europeans settling in the New World. As the Europeans eagerly set out to find the New World, they left behind hopeful citizens pondering over what they would find. In The Tempest, through the characters, we can infer that the Europeans’ intentions ranged from creating the perfect government to interacting with the inhabitants. They discovered that theirRead More The Sublime Savage: Caliban on Setebos1106 Words   |  5 PagesCaliban on Setebosnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;Caliban my slave, who never / Yields us kind answer.nbsp; (The Tempest, I.ii.310-1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Caliban on Setebos was one of Robert Brownings more popular poems among the Victorians, for its presumed satire of orthodox Calvinism, Puritanism, and similarly grim Christian sects. 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And yet, their first intuition of the Native Americans was described as barbarians, savages, and cannibals. The Europeans thought themselves as superior compared to the poor savages(Takaki 148); likewise in The Tempest, ShakespeareRead MoreTroubles Of An Expanding Society : Slavery, Language, And Imperialism1671 Words   |  7 PagesTroubles of an Expanding Society: Slavery, Language, and Imperialism In England, 1611, William Shakespeare’s romance The Tempest debuted in the city of London. England, at this time, was experiencing exploration with the founding of the New World and the strange inhabitants it provided. The timing of this play is crucial to understanding the motifs and themes presented. The English had just invaded Ireland, had not yet colonized New England, had made contact with the Indians, but had not yet experiencedRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe And William Shakespeare s The Tempest1417 Words   |  6 PagesDarkness to comment on the negative aspects of colonialism. Colonialism by definition is, â€Å"the policy and practice of a power in extending control over weaker peoples or areas.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest, colonialism plays a significant role in the break down of humans. The conquerors in both stories disregard the natives believing that they are working towa rds the greater good of civilization. Conrad’s quote plays a significant roles

Great Gatsby Essay - 1356 Words

The Great Gatsby nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many different types of people in this world. Apart from physical features, it is the characteristics of a person that makes him/her original. Nick Carraway the narrator of The Great Gatsby, has qualities which are the complete opposite of those of Tom Buchanan, his cousin-in-law. In the novel, the author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, uses the comparison between two cousins to show how their differing characteristics reflects the themes of morality and reality versus illusion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of Nickamp;#8217;s Characteristics, that is incompatible with Toms is that Nick is cautious when speaking. On an occasion when Mr. Gatz said something that Nick disagreed with ,†¦show more content†¦amp;#8220;They were careless people, Tom and Daisy they smashed up thing and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made.; (Pg. 180-1) Nick shows his good judgement of Tom and Daisy being careless people. On the contrary, Tom makes baseless judgements that are visible in the following quote. amp;#8220;Nowadays people begin by sneering at family life and family institutions, and next theyamp;#8217;ll throw everything overboard and have intermarriage between black and white. (Pg. 130) This quote reveals how Tom scorns the blacks for no apparent reason. Nickamp;#8217;s reasonable judgements reflect reality, for he sees things as they really are. On the other hand, Tomamp;#8217;s baseless judgements reflect the illusions in his world, for his judgements are what he only views to be right. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nick and Tomamp;#8217;s ability to make judgements reveal how good of judgements they make in their relationships. Nick is honest in his relationships. Before going back to the mid-west, he went and talked to Jordan about their relationship, as the following quote reveals: amp;#8220;There was one thing to be done before I left, and awkward, unpleasant thing that perhaps had better been left alone. But I wanted to leave things in order and not just trust that obliging and indifferentShow MoreRelated Great Gatsby1497 Words   |  6 PagesIn chapter 3 of The Great Gatsby Nick is invited to one of Gatsby’s extravagant parties. He arrives only to find he doesn’t know where Gatsby is, and then he runs into Jordan Baker. Together they set off to find Gatsby and they head to the library where they find â€Å"Owl Eyes†, a drunken man trying to get sober. After talking to â€Å"Owl Eyes† for awhile they head outside again where Nick unknowingly starts a conversation with Gatsby. After revealing himself, Gatsby tells Jordan that he would like to speakRead MoreThe Great Gatsby806 Words   |  3 Pagesthey smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money...and let other people clean up the mess they had made... (P. 179). During the 20s, many peoples American dream was to go out, party and be free, the roaring 20s. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an explanation of how people acted. People went to parties, lived in luxurious homes, criticized each other, and wanted to achieve their dream by trying to live it. The Wilson marriage is a failure because its one-sidedRead MoreGreat Gatsby5612 Words   |  23 PagesThe Great Gatsby – Study Guide Chapter 1 1. Why is Nick Carraway made the narrator? The device of giving Nick the function of narrator lends psychic distance from the story. Nick is part of the action, yet he is not one of the principals. He shares some of the emotions and is in a position to interpret those of the others. However, the happens are not center on him. 2. What kind of relationship exists between Nick and the Buchanans? It is completely superficial. He speaks of themRead MoreAnalysis Of The Great Gatsby 1526 Words   |  7 Pagesperson, no matter what his or her origins, could succeed in life on the sole basis of his or her own skill and effort. The Great Gatsby is a novel about what happened to the American dream in the 1920s, a period when the old values that gave substance to the dream had been corrupted by the vulgar pursuit of wealth. What Fitzgerald seems to be criticizing in The Great Gatsby is not the American Dream itself but the corruption of the American Dream. What was once--for Ben Franklin, for example, orRead MoreProhibition in the Great Gatsby1355 Words   |  6 Pagessale of alcohol. The law was put into effect to lower the crime and corruption rates in the United States in the 1920s. It was also said to reduce social problems and lower taxes. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald examines the negative repercussions of prohibition on the economy, characters in the Great Gatsby, and on the different social classes of the 1920s. Prohibition was passed to eradicate the demand for liquor but had the inadvertent effect to raise the crime rates in American. RobertRead MoreFeminism In The Great Gatsby1643 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal conventions of the time era, however, reinforce patriarchal ideologies and traditional values, as women were expected to marry and be subservient to their husbands. This is perpetuated in works of literature of the time era, notably The Great Gatsby, published by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. 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Question: Discuss about the Compensation Policy for Built Construction Company. Answer: Introduction In this paper, a brief discussion is to be done on the compensation policy of a famous company named the Strong Built Construction Company. There are issues regarding the compensation policies of the executives of the company. For resolving this issue, a number of factors are required to be considered for the success of the enterprise. As an assistant to the Chief financial officer of the company, a report is to be prepared for addressing these issues. Second part of this report contains analysis of two case studies or research papers. Under both research papers more emphasis is put on audit expectation gap that has been faced by users of financial statements. Analysis of both research papers includes analysis of response rate, sampling method, analysis method and identification of flaws in research papers. Part I Required: a) Typical elements of compensation packages As an assistant to the Chief Financial officer of the Strong Built Construction Company, an approach to the executives compensation is developed. The typical components of the executives compensation packages are identified as follows: Basic pay or salary The executives are paid the basic salary predetermined as per the terms and policies of the company. It is considered to be the largest part of the total package which is to be paid on an annual basis. Other benefits such as perquisites are calculated on the basic pay and accordingly it is considered to be the main part of the executives compensation package. Short term benefits or bonus The executives are also paid other short term benefits in the form of bonuses etc to appreciate their work and dedication and consequently motivating them to work more efficiently for the welfare of the company (Zou et. al., 2015). Long term benefits The executives or employees are also given long term benefits in the form of equity or other organisational value which boosts their morale and their efforts are focused on minimising the employees turnover, which would be very beneficial for the success of the company (Graham et. al., 2012). Other employee benefits - Other employee benefits such as medical reimbursements, insurance policies, employee stock options plans, vacations on paid basis, etc also constitute a major motivational factor for the labours as well as the highly skilled professionals of the Strong Built Construction Company. Perquisites Employees are provided other benefits such as mobile bill reimbursement, mobile set, conveyance facility, accommodation facility, medical facility etc, which is also treated as a part of compensation package. b) Outline the key assumptions of traditional agency theory and their influence on approaches to compensation. The traditional agency is highly influenced by the narcissist acts of the executives. The agency theory represents the relationship between the executives of the Strong Built Construction Company and its other stakeholders. As per this theory, following assumptions are done: The executives and other stakeholders are equally responsible for mitigating the risk factors and minimising their effects on the success of the business. Executives are assumed to be narcissist and they formulate their compensation policies keeping in mind their personal benefits (Kumar Zattoni, 2016). Every person has different calibre and responsibilities. Everyone has a different way of performing his duties. The compensation of the executives and other agents should be decided in an unbiased manner. An approach for setting compensation policy is also influenced by the traditional agency theory. All the executives are assumed to be paid on an equal basis, as their designation and responsibility is same. But it is not accepted by all the executives, as they are liable to perform different tasks and they should be paid according to their performance (O'Reilly, et. al., 2014). Agency theory doesnt promote this fact. Hence, most of the companies do not follow the traditional agency approach for taking decisions about the compensation of the executives and agents. C) Explain the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and the relationship between the two motivations. The executives and other stakeholders of the company should be motivated to work more efficiently to gain more benefits. They would be motivated in two manners: Extrinsic and Intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation Sometimes the job of the executives itself consists of the motivational factor, which motivates them to achieve the predetermined goals of the business. The employees can be self motivated by setting an approach to maintain the value of the activity done for the success of the Strong Built Construction Company. Development of interest in the work also helps in increasing the motivational level of the employees (Taylor and Westover, 2011). When the employees feel satisfied with their job and rewards, it can prove to be a good intrinsic motivational factor. Extrinsic motivation The consequences of the executives performance help in developing extrinsic motivation for them. Like the payment of the employees or executives compensation at the right time is also a motivational factor for them (Vanthournout et al., 2015). Right amount of money or reward also motivates them to work more for gaining overtime allowance and thereby increases the productivity of the business of the Strong Built Construction Company (Nron, 2015). The challenging factors in the external competitive environment also motivate the employees for earning competitive advantage. There is a relationship between the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in the manner that both lay a positive impact on the overall personality development of the employees and executives. When an employee is motivated by intrinsic factors, he will also be definitely inspired by the extrinsic motivational factors. These play a crucial role in the success of the enterprise (Zou et. al., 2015). (d) How might an employees attitude to risk influence their desired compensation package? The compensation package of the Strong Built Construction Company is also influenced by the employees response to the risks evolved during conducting the business activities. Normal or abnormal risks arise in the business and the employees are expected to response to them with a problem solving attitude (Bolton et. al., 2015). When the employees attitude to the business risks is negative, they will not be able to develop a sense of responsibility towards the organisation and consequently it will adversely affect their compensation package. The Strong Built Construction Company can also initiate programs in which proper training is given to the employees on the subject, how to deal with the risks and mitigate them (Fowler, 2015). The collaborative efforts of the employees can face any challenge and the company will achieve its targets more easily. The company should reward the employees on their responses to the risks raised in the business in the terms of money, which would in turn help in increasing their morale and dedication for the company (Dye Sridhar, 2016). (e) How might the time period when employee receives a financial benefit influence they desire for the benefit? The employees work for the Strong Built Construction Company very efficiently and in return, they expect their financial benefits. Sometimes the company make delays in the payment of financial benefits, which irritates the employees and their performances in the future (Gopalan et. al., 2014). This may create a hurdle in the growth of the business of the company. So, it is suggested as an assistant that the Strong Built Construction Company should pay the financial benefits to the authorised employees within reasonable time period. (f) What role do fairness considerations have when determining compensation? As per the equality policy, there must be fairness in determining the considerations of the executives and employees of the Strong Built Construction Company. When there will be fairness in the compensations of both, the employees will feel a sense of responsibility and their hard work will pay off in the form of greater profits to the company (Boyd, et. al., 2012). Therefore, the Strong Built Construction Company should place a cap on the compensation of the executives. This fact should be considered while forming the policies and procedures for the compensation packages of all the authorised members of the company (Ghosh, 2016). The equality policy helps in the maintenance of a friendly atmosphere in the organisation, which helps in the success of the business. (g) The benefits that might be expected from using an executive compensation committee The Strong Built Construction Company is facing the compensation issues of the executives. Therefore, constitution of an executive compensation committee would be a better option for resolving these conflicts. A friendly environment is expected with the help of the committee, as every member will have the equal rights to express their opinions on the subject matter. The executives will not be able to impose their narcissist activities on the employees of the company for their personal gains (Rhee, 2016). It is expected from the committee not to provide excessive compensation to the executives. They should be provided financial benefits according to their performances during the year. It is also expected that all the employees and executives will feel independent to perform their jobs (Dittmann, et. al., 2013). The committee is also expected to abide by all the regulatory laws and norms. (h) How to structure an executive compensation committee to achieve reasonable but not excessive compensation, while still retaining executives The executive compensation committee should be structured after considering the following steps: First of all, the regulations of forming the executive compensation committee should be taken into account to avoid any consequences. A list of the potential members for the committee is required to be prepared. Their qualifications and experience should also be counted for this purpose (Kuo and Yu, 2015). The responsibilities and duties need to be elaborated to all the members of the compensation committee. Possible alterations should also be discussed in advance (Kastiel, 2015). The issues which might arise should be discussed properly and an approach to solve them should also be developed. Decisions about the meetings of the committee and their compensation should also be taken. A provision of hiring a compensation consultant at the time of need should also be introduced (Lee, 2014). While taking all such decisions, it should be kept in mind that the executives interest should not be harmed. They may not be provided excessive compensation, but they should be provided adequate consideration as per their performance. Part II (i) a. What is the aim of the research paper/project? This research paper aims on testing the effectiveness of explanations that has been recently made in revised International Standard on Auditing 700. This revision has been based on expectation of users of financial statements and how it is made to understand the audit procedure. Now question arise, whether such changes will overcome limitation of current standard in real scene or not. In current standard, there is hug expectation gap in terms of auditors responsibility. Therefore following are main aim or purpose of this research paper: To identify current expectation gap in the International Standard on Auditing 700 i.e. auditors report To analyse the inclusion and exclusion of added explanation to International Standard on Auditing 700 will result in reduction of expectation gap. b. Draw a table to illustrate the 2 x 3 design (p. 292) showing the six groups and the different information that each group received. Complete unqualified ISA 700 auditors report Auditors Financial Analysts Students unqualified opinion-only version - Financial Analysts - c. What was the purpose of the manipulation checks? In the current case study, manipulation check activity has been conducted. Under this activity, all the participants provided description of fictitious company along with financial information i.e. financial statement of such fictitious company. All other relevant information related to fictitious company has been provided to participants. Then participants are provided with auditors report (complete auditor report without implementing added explanation) i.e. opinion only report. Then complete auditors report was provided to participants (with full implementation of explanations of ISA 700). Then participants were asked to comment on both the report (Gold, 2012). Therefore purpose of manipulation check is to identify or take opinion of participants of manipulation regarding inclusion of explanation to auditors report under ISA 700. (ii) a. Okafo and Otalor (2013) has the aim of making people or analyzing people that auditing is not a certificate job or process that certifies financial information of the company. Lack of knowledge among users of auditor report or public is the reason for increased expectation from auditor. Aim of this study is to analyze people to be more educated in terms of auditors duties and responsibilities of auditors. Agyei, Aye and Owusu-Yeboah (2013) study has the aim of assessing expectation gap in terms of audit in Ghana is the main aim of this study. This study focuses on the difference between two fraud detection by auditor and verification of financial statements by auditor. This different expectation has created huge gap and this study is focused on such expectation gap (Agyei et al., 2013). attempts to measure the audit expectation gap Okafo and Otalor (2013) This study tries to measure audit expectation gap by involving or putting emphasis on education and awareness level of people regarding duties and responsibilities of auditor. Agyei, Aye and Owusu-Yeboah (2013) This study tries to measure auditor expectation gap by analysing and integrating opinion of users of financial statements and auditors together. c. Each study measures audit expectation gap by applying different technique. Following is the technique that each study has used: Okafo and Otalor (2013) - Under this study, researcher has collected data using questionnaire (self administering) using simple random sampling technique. Sample of teachers and students were taken and questionnaire has been provided to sample population (Okafor, 2013). Agyei, Aye and Owusu-Yeboah (2013) Under this study, researcher also collected data with the help of questionnaire and population of sample is of users of financial statements in Ghana. Purposive sampling techniques has been used i.e. representation for each group has been established. Convenient sampling technique has been used to select respondent of the questionnaire. From the above, it can be analysed that Agyei, Aye and Owusu-Yeboah (2013) approach is more rigorous as their sample is users of financial statements and not random teachers or students. d. Response rate Okafo and Otalor (2013) 598 / 891 * 100 = 67.12 % of respondents This is adequate response rate in order to form an opinion (Burke and Hodgins, 2015). Agyei, Aye and Owusu-Yeboah (2013) Auditors = 20 / 50 * 100 = 40 % Stock Broker = 15 / 50 * 100 = 30 % This is not an adequate response rate in order to form an opinion. (Baruch and Holtom, 2008) e. Analysing data and who is more rigorous Okafo and Otalor (2013) Data that has been collected from the response and processed or information is generated using computer or SPSS software. Coefficient, z-statistics and t-ratio has been used to analyze results. This study uses capabilities of hypothesis analysis so as to achieve more accurate results (Son, et al, 2012). Agyei, Aye and Owusu-Yeboah (2013) For analysing the result of i.e. audit expectation gap, Likert scale has been used. Under Likert scale response will be analysed in the basis of single base. Here collected data is analysed with the help of SPSS. Okafo and Otalor (2013) study is more rigorous as compared to Agyei, Aye and Owusu-Yeboah (2013) because in this study they have used computerised software which is way more relevant as compared to Likert scale. Likert scale shows balanced results i.e. at middle of the results. f. Briefly outline two other significant flaws that you have noticed in the studies Okafo and Otalor (2013) This case is limited its scope in terms of education and awareness of users of financial statements but does not cover liabilities of auditors. More thrust of auditors responsibility towards society and business organization shall be put so as to make study more meaningful. Agyei, Aye and Owusu-Yeboah (2013) This study or research is limited to Ghana only which has limited the scope of its use. Another flaw is of sample i.e. only auditors and stock brokers have been selected. Other users of financial statements were kept out of preview of research. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that the Strong Built Construction Company should form an executive compensation committee for creating a fair environment in the organisation where there would be no biasness towards the executives and a reasonable amount of compensation will be paid to both the executives and employees of the company. In terms of part II it can be concluded that both research papers has put effort in analysing audit expectation of different users of financial statements. Under both the research papers, sampling method, respondent population and data analysis plays important role. References Agyei, A, Aye, BK Owusu-Yeboah, E 2013, 'An assessment of audit expectation gap in Ghana', J. Acad. Res. Account., Financ. Manage. Sci, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 112-8. Baruch, Y. Holtom, B.C. 2008, "Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research", Human Relations, 61, no. 8, pp. 1139-1160. Bolton, P., Mehran, H. Shapiro, J. 2015, "Executive Compensation and Risk Taking", Review of Finance, 19, no. 6, pp. 2139-2181. Boyd, B.K., Franco Santos, M. Shen, W. 2012, "International Developments in Executive Compensation", Corporate Governance: An International Review, 20, no. 6, pp. 511-518. Burke, M. Hodgins, M. 2015, "Is 'Dear colleague' enough? Improving response rates in surveys of healthcare professionals", Nurse researcher, 23, no. 1, pp. 8. Dittmann, I., Maug, E. Spalt, O.G. 2013, "Indexing executive compensation contracts", The Review of Financial Studies, 26, no. 12, pp. 3182-3224. Dye, R.A. Sridhar, S.S. 2016, "Hedging Executive Compensation Risk through Investment Banks", The Accounting Review, 91, no. 4, pp. 1109-1138. Fowler, S. 2015, "Motivation done right: motivation science provides alternatives to outdated approaches to workplace motivation", TD Magazine, 69, no. 12, pp. 76. Ghosh, S. 2016, "Partial privatization, lending relationships and executive compensation", South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 5, no. 1, pp. 125-153. Gold, A, Gronewold, U Pott, C 2012, 'The ISA 700 auditor's report and the audit expectation gap Do explanations matter?', International Journal of Auditing, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 286-307. Gopalan, R., Milbourn, T., Song, F. Thakor, A.V. 2014, "Duration of Executive Compensation: Duration of Executive Compensation", The Journal of Finance, 69, no. 6, pp. 2777-2817. Graham, J.R., Li, S. Qiu, J. 2012, "Managerial Attributes and Executive Compensation", The Review of Financial Studies, 25, no. 1, pp. 144-186. Kastiel, K. 2015, "Executive compensation in controlled companies", Indiana Law Journal, 90, no. 3, pp. 1131. Kumar, P. Zattoni, A. 2016, "Executive Compensation, Board Functioning, and Corporate Governance", Corporate Governance: An International Review, 24, no. 1, pp. 2-4. Kuo, C. Yu, S. 2014, "Remuneration Committee, Board Independence and Top Executive Compensation", Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 7, no. 2, pp. 28-44. Lee, K. 2014, "Compensation committee and executive compensation in Asia", International Journal of Business, 19, no. 3, pp. 213. Nron, P. 2015, "Egalitarianism and Executive Compensation: A Relational Argument", Journal of Business Ethics, 132, no. 1, pp. 171-184. Okafor, CA Otalor, JI 2013, 'Narrowing the Expectation Gap in Auditing: The Role of the Auditing Profession', Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 43-52. O'Reilly, C.A., Doerr, B., Caldwell, D.F. Chatman, J.A. 2014, "Narcissistic CEOs and executive compensation", The Leadership Quarterly, 25, no. 2, pp. 218. Rhee, R.J. 2016, "Intrafirm monitoring of executive compensation", Vanderbilt Law Review, 69, no. 3, pp. 695. Son, H., Friedmann, E. Thomas, S.A. 2012, "Application of Pattern Mixture Models to Address Missing Data in Longitudinal Data Analysis Using SPSS", Nursing Research, 61, no. 3, pp. 195-203. Taylor, J. Westover, J.H. 2011, "Job Satisfaction in The Public Service: The effects of public service motivation, workplace attributes and work relations", Public Management Review, 13, no. 5, pp. 731-751. Vanthournout, G., Noyens, D., Gijbels, D. Van den Bossche, P. 2014, "The Relationship between Workplace Climate, Motivation and Learning Approaches for Knowledge Workers", Vocations and Learning, 7, no. 2, pp. 191-214. Zou, H.L., Zeng, S.X., Lin, H. Xie, X.M. 2015, "Top executives compensation, industrial competition, and corporate environmental performance: Evidence from China", Management Decision, 53, no. 9, pp. 2036-2059

Being John Malkovich essays

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Now the victims and families of FARC and AUC are coming forward to claim compensation for damages they incurred due to actions that were financed in part by the money provided by Chiquita. If the law that permits victims and their families to sue providers of support to the terrorist organizations passes, Chiquita may face multiple lawsuits for providing this support to FARC and AUC, which may amount to millions of dollars. The law is not yet in place but the problem that Chiquita is facing is already here. Stakeholder Analysis Based on the case one of the main stakeholders is Chiquita. Giving money to FARC and AUC in the first place was not only illegal (after 2001) but also not aligned with, what could be perceived as company’s dedication to protect its employees—giving money may have (and actually did) encourage the AUC to continue to threaten Chiquita just like FARC did. The company did not show that they are constant and coherent in their vision of corporate and social responsibility. They did not care about the communities they operated in as much as they cared about their own well being. The issue is that the payments were already made and the company admitted to it, which ended with a plea agreement with the U. S. government. Now, the challenge is whether or not to admit that Chiquita is responsible for actions of FARC and AUC because â€Å"extortion† money has been paid. This may result in either lawsuits or settlements for all the damage incurred by the two terrorist organizations, which in turn will result in definite lowering of the bottom line and losing credibility. At the same time (just like with the Tylenol case) if Chiquita acknowledges by itself the wrongdoing, it may recover its image of socially responsible company and show that it is aligned with their beliefs of protecting people (just as they protected their employees, they should protect all the people who are affected by their actions). If Chiquita will wait until law is passed and then fight over the responsibility, it will be costly, but also the company will loose all the credibility they built with the customers and shareholders over the decades. The U. S. judicial system is another main stakeholder. If the law is passed, the courts in U. S. will be tasked with making a decision of whether Chiquita is indeed liable for, what the company was believing to be, paying the extortion and â€Å"protection† money to safeguard their employees against harm from FARC or AUC. Here the court may be in a dilemma, since the illegal activity that Chiquita engaged itself in was believed to be because it was trying to protect lives of their employees. Now, with one more law in place—to compensate those who suffered from FARC and AUC—the dilemma will boil down to determining if what Chiquita believed to be the reasoning behind these payments, was indeed it. If yes, could we punish Chiquita for trying to protect their employees? The other main stakeholders are the victims (and their families) of FARC and AUC’s actions. They are trying to bring to justice people who are responsible for their suffering. Now, the challenge is that they are trying to bring to justice a company that was not directly but rather indirectly harming them. The reasoning behind this is the belief that the money Chiquita paid was indeed used in hurting those people. The victims and their families have right to demand justice. The question remains, of who actually should be brought to justice. Options Analysis Based on the current situation (company already admitted to paying the money, internal documents that the money did provide benefits exceeding the protecting of the employees were unveiled, threat of lawsuits), Chiquita has couple limited options, which are based on justice and duty. First option is to come out now and take the responsibility for the actions of FARC and AUC. The law may not be in place yet, but this decision may show that Chiquita is standing by its promise to protect people affected by its actions. This option definitely addresses the claims of victims and their families—they will get the compensation they are seeking. Chiquita will face multiple lawsuits and will be harmed financially, which affects shareholders of the company. In this case the reasoning behind the payments is brought in place—whether it was for corporate gain or protection of employees. Another option would be to refuse paying compensation to victims of FARC and AUC based on the fact that Chiquita did nothing directly to harm them. Moreover, they were protecting people by paying the terrorist. If the law holding the company responsible for these actions is not in place, the company and the U. S. justice system are â€Å"off the hook† and the victims and families can’t seek to have their claims fulfilled. If the law holding the company responsible is in place, then Chiquita is going to be brought to justice and both the justice system and the victims will have their legal claims fulfilled. Recommendation It comes down to determining whether the company benefitted in other ways than protecting their employees from paying for the â€Å"protection† from FARC and AUC. From the information provided in the internal documents it seems like it did. Even without the internal documents, Chiquita did benefit financially from being present for all those years in Colombia (Chiquita in Colombia Case, p. 4: according to AUGURA, â€Å"productivity on Latin and Central American plantations were three times greater than in the Caribbean, and costs to import were 50% lower†). The company had the direct benefit in paying the FARC and AUC for their â€Å"protection. † Doing business in Colombia was lucrative and giving it up was (at that time) more damaging than paying terrorist. That’s why my recommendation to Chiquita is to come forward and admit to their wrongdoing and pay the claimants for their damages. It will be hard to run a company with such past, but this lesson will (hopefully) help avoid such issues in the future (not only for Chiquita but also other companies who are doing business internationally in unstable political and security environments). Action Let’s say someone is threatening to kill me unless I give him or her my car. I know he or she may kill someone else with it—I wouldn’t give it up even if I paid with my own life for it. If my family is threatened—I give it up, since I am responsible for more people. If the situation repeats over many years and every month I give up the car to protect myself and my family, more and more people are being killed. Do I admit to what that someone does? Am I responsible for this? I would want to think that not. But if there is a case of repeat actions like this, I would have to take that responsibility. And that’s why Chiquita should act on their core social responsibility values they preach. Synopsis By giving money to FARC and AUC, Chiquita approved of the actions of the two organizations. The solution is to now take the responsibility for these actions.

Olestra :: essays research papers

Olestra Technically speaking, it was to be the something that was supposedly going to change the world. Stock analysts even proclaimed it as being the "single most important discovery in the history of the food industry", and would generate over a billion dollars annually in sales becomming Procter and Gambles, the creators, best selling product. What is not to like about a product which replaces the fat content in previosly named junk food such as potato chips? Apparently quite a bit. Olestra was first invented in 1968 as a way of increasing an infants intake of fat. This is when they stumbled upon a special chemcial which was actually the hexa, hepta, and octa-esters of fatty acid of sucrose. These molecules are so big and fatty, that the body cannot be metabolized by the body by enzymes and bacteria in the intestine, and as a result is not digested or absorbed. Instead of increasing fat intake, this chemical replaced it. Almost 30 years later, Olestra was finally given approval by the FDA to be used in food, however, with the condition of a warning label indicating the product can induse upset stomach and loose stools, as well as inhibiting the absorbtion of vitamins A, D, E and K. For a product that was supposed to be perfect, what happened? Studies conducted prior, first with mice, had somewhat alarming results which indicated that in addition to the first two problems stated, Olestra can cause cancer. The reason for this is that the product interferes with the bodies natural absorbtion of carotenoids which are found in fruits in vegetables, which help the body fight against cancer. Studies in humans showed that people who consumed 2 grams of Olestra per day had 15% lower level of carotenoids in their body than those who didnt eat them. A regular sized bag of chips made with Olestra however, contain over 15 grams. Further studies showen that when given Olestra doses every day included in every meal , levels dropped over 60%. Once Olestra hit the market, the FDA recieved more than 1000 reports of the food causing adverse reactions, yet Procter and Gamble still maintain the product is harmless. To perhaps nobodies surprise, "fake-fat" containing products recieved initial high sales, but quickly plummeted due to both the media and word of mouth on its affects, as well as the warning label and relative high price.

Supporting Good Practice in Performance and Reward Management

Supporting Good Practice in Performance and Reward Management 3PRM Activity 1 Performance management Performance Management is both a strategic (about broad issues and long-term goals) and an integrated (linking various aspects of the business, people management, individuals and teams) approach to delivering successful results in organisations by improving the performance and developing the capabilities of teams and individuals.Two main purposes of performance management are; * To help the employees in identifying the knowledge and skills required for performing the job efficiently as this would drive their focus towards performing the right task in the right way, which in turn helps work towards the business objectives as their tasks are generated and focussed around the organisations goals. Promoting a two way system of communication between the supervisors and the employees for clarifying expectations about the roles and accountabilities, communicating the functional and organisat ional goals, providing a regular and a transparent feedback for improving employee performance and continuous coaching and development. The most important stage and component of any performance management process which forms the basis of performance is Appraisals.Appraisal systems are a formal method of monitoring and reviewing individuals’ performance. This is important as they enable the individuals to gain a clear picture of how they are doing and to identify areas where they may need additional support or training. They also ensure that the work of the individual is focussed towards the overall objectives of the organisation and whether they are on track to meet their objectives they have been set. There are three main components of performance management; Planning – This is done in form of appraisals. Performance planning is jointly done by the appraisee and also the appraiser in the beginning of a performance session. During this period, both the manager and staf f decide upon the targets and the key performance areas which can be performed over the next year. * Monitoring – Regular monitoring of performance is one of the key component to performance management it is usually done in the form of informal appraisals and these should also occur though regular contact and one to ones.It gives an opportunity to monitor the achievements of objectives for staff, keeps a check on how the individual is getting on in relation to the tasks, identifies any problems which can prevent the individual from achieving their work objectives. * Review/evaluating – Managers should be giving feedback on a regular and continuing basis. This is the stage in which the employee acquires awareness from the appraiser about the areas of improvements and also information on whether the employee is contributing the expected levels of performance or not.The employee receives open feedback and along with this the training and development needs of the individua l is also identified. The appraiser adopts all the possible steps to ensure that the employee meets the expected outcomes for an organisation through guidance, mentoring and representing the employee in training programmes which develop the competencies and improve the overall productivity. This stage also is an opportunity for strengths to be identified and how these can be utilised to support the business objectives further. Motivation and performance managementThe relationship between motivation and performance management is a close one, they work along each other. Motivation is the key to an individual's degree of willingness to exert and maintain their efforts towards the organisational goals. Motivation levels are likely to have an effect on performance. If an individual has high motivation, it is likely to increase their performance. Although this may not always be the case. Here is a list of some of the things that motivate individuals; * Money * Reward schemes * Sense of ac hievement * The environment * Professional Development * Benefits Etc. There are many motivational theories here I will explain two of them. Herzberg’s two factor theory of motivation at the workplace shows the difference between two factors of motivation. The two factors being satisfiers, which are the main causes for job satisfaction (motivation), from hygiene factors which are the main causes for job dissatisfaction (demotivation to stay in the job). Examples of motivating factors are achievement, recognition, responsibility and the work itself. Hygiene factors include: working conditions, salary, relationship with colleagues, supervision, etc.An organisation needs to influence satisfiers through performance management using range of tools such as: job descriptions, supervision, performance appraisals, continuous development/training, rewards and career development. Maslow’s theory of motivation is called the â€Å"hierarchy of needs†. Maslow believes that pe ople have five main needs in the following order of importance; 1. Physiological – the need to eat, drink, sleep, reproduce. 2. Safety – the need for shelter and to feel secure. 3. Love/Belonging – the need to feel part of a group and to be accepted. . Esteem – the need to feel good about themselves and the need to be recognised for achievements. 5. Self-actualisation – the need for personal fulfilment and the need to grow and develop. Maslow's hierarchic theory is represented as a pyramid, with the lower levels representing the more fundamental needs, and the upper levels representing the growth/being needs, and ultimately the need for self-actualisation. According to the theory, the higher needs in the hierarchy become evident only after all the needs that are lower down in the pyramid are met. RewardsMost organisations use rewards within their performance management system to motivate individuals. Two main purposes they do this are; * To help at tract individuals – The better rewards that the organisation gives the more people are going to be attracted to work for them so more people will apply for jobs there. * Retain the individuals – Rewards for good performance is motivation for staff to stay with the organisation it helps make them feel valued in turn makes them work harder. Rewards are not just financial but non-financial too. Rewards can be things such as; * Pay rise/ bonus.Some bonuses are based on performance of an individual, the team or the organisation and is usually target / objective focused. * Recognition. This could be through increased responsibility, praise during one to ones, a certificate of recognition, etc. * Flexible hours and time off – This could be a generous holiday period or increased holiday to reward employees for long service. Also some organisations use flexible working as a reward. Data needed for managing performance All materials need to be prepared for managing perfor mance (appraisal meetings) these would include internal and external data, although most are internal.An internal piece of data for example would be if it was a sales organisation they would bring along the report for the percentage of sales the individual has made and this would be compared to the targets set. The comparison would show how well individual has done to meet these this would then be discussed in the next stage. Other examples would include notes agreed tasks and records of performance, achievements, incidents, reports, previous performance appraisal documents and a current job description.An example of an external piece of data would be benchmarking, where the manager would collect data from other organisations to analyse and compare the sales the individual has made, this would show how the employee's participation is developing not only themselves, but also the constitution as a whole, compared to the other organisations, earlier collected data from. Another example would be feedback from external customers or other organisations. Managing Performance The key aims of performance management are to continuously improve the performance of individuals and that of the organisation.It involves making sure that the performance of employees contributes to the goals of their teams and the business as a whole. Part of the management is to review the individuals performance whether it be good or poor performance. The aims of the meetings for performance management are to encourage and motivate not to undermine. Factors to be considered whilst managing good performance would be reward for the individuals’ performance, how to keep the individual motivated to keep up the good work and any training needs to help develop further.Factors to consider whilst managing poor performance would be thinking about how to deal with discussing the performance as these can be difficult conversations for managers, thinking about why the performance is poor and think ing about how to improve the individuals’ performance, what measures can be put in place and how this can monitored. Most organisations have their performance reviews at once a year in the form of appraisals and have 6 month reviews. Although managers should keep their staff informed of their performance and giving feedback throughout the whole year.This can be done through one to one’s or regular meetings. The purposes of the performance reviews are * to check how the team member is getting on in relation to the tasks and objectives agreed, * to identify any problems which may be preventing the individual from achieving their work objectives, * to highlight opportunities for improving work processes, * to build confidence and self-esteem within the individual * to plan future work, set tasks and agree objectives * to agree ways to support the individual in the future, * to discuss the individuals feedback and how they feel about their job.The process of appraisals App raisal systems vary in different organisations, some have standardised procedures, some have few guidelines and leave it to the manager to plan and implement. There are three main stages of an appraisal preparation, the meeting and the follow up. * Preparation – Both the manager and the individual need to prepare for the appraisal by reviewing the individuals performance including the overall performance, the quality of the work and checking if targets have been met. * The meeting – The manager needs to make sure that a suitable venue is planned and available, private and free from interruptions.Within the meeting the manager needs to set the tone which will influence whether the discussion is helpful to both manager and individual they need to make sure that the individual is relaxed. Then both the manager and individual going through the appraisal document discuss * Performance and identify areas of good performance and the weaker investigate the reasons for the weak ness and highlight the areas for improvement * clarifying, defining, redefining priorities and objectives making sure that they are specific to the organisations objectives * motivation through agreeing helpful aims and targets motivation though achievement and feedback * training needs and learning desires – assessment and agreement * identification of personal strengths * career and succession planning – personal and organisational * team roles clarification and team building * organisational training needs assessment and analysis * the individual and managers mutual awareness, understanding and relationship * reinforcing organisational philosophies, values, aims, strategies, priorities * additional responsibilities, employee growth and development * counselling and feedback * manager development The follow up is the review by the manager where they need to complete the documentation by writing up what had been discussed. Making sure that the write up is agreed and s igned by the individual. Managers need to keep continuous monitoring and evaluation on the individual throughout the year and ideally hold a review within that time. Activity 2 The hopeful outcome of the meeting was to discuss with the individual their performance over the last six months, including what went well and what hadn’t gone so well. Why things had gone well or not so well and if there was anything to improve performance or training needs.The outcomes of the appraisal with Hannah were that over the last six months as the manager I felt that Hannah has been doing well and providing a good service. Her only downfall is that sales have gone down but this was due to Hannah having a month off work with a broken leg. This was discussed within the meeting using the Appraisal form and was met with targets to be achieved. The appraisal form used was effective as it covers all areas of performance including how the individual felt about the previous six months it also covers how the manager felt they performed.It discusses what they have enjoyed most and least, quality of their work, management of workload, targets and identifies if any training is needed. These things covered are important as it lets both the manager and individual know how the individual is doing within the organisation and whether they need any further development or training. This is a motivator to the individual as they can gain job satisfaction that they are going in the right direction and helping towards the overall aim and objectives of the organisation.This appraisal system could be improved by having more input from the individual so they can have their say on what they have done and how they feel they have done which maybe the manager has not recognised. This would help the individual to feel they receive the recognition they deserve for the work they have input. SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely) should be incorporated to the form as the targets need to be SMART otherwise it would be unfair for the individual to set unattainable targets to meet as they won’t meet them which will affect their performance reviews.

Personal Narrative for Msw - 1643 Words

Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve peoples lives. Social workers help people function the best way they can in their environment, deal with their relationships, and solve personal and family problems. Social workers often see clients who face a life-threatening disease or a social problem. These problems may include inadequate housing, unemployment, serious illness, disability, or substance abuse. Social workers also assist families that have serious domestic conflicts, including those involving child or spousal abuse. Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings that now are governed by managed care organizations. To contain costs, these organizations are emphasizing†¦show more content†¦There I noticed the great lengths these social workers went through to help people like ourselves that were in need. Our social worker helped us obtain benefits like medical insurance, food stamps, even a monthly stipend. She even helped my mother by giving her the opportunity to go to a vocational school and then to get job training and lastly help her find a job. Thats when I turned to my mother and said to my mom when I grow up I want to become a professional that dedicates their lives to help other people in need and that I would be looked upon as someone they can talk to that they can trust. As a child I took the initiative and started volunteering at the Liga Contra el Cancer Foundation which helped cancer patients that were needy. I was a cangrejito at first collecting money at local streets and selling chocolates door to door. Then as I got older I was part of the Juniors Club which supervised the cangrejitos at the local streets and organized all mailings for donations being made by callers. We sent the donors a thank you card for contributing to our organization and helping the cancer patients. At Thanksgiving we helped the homeless by providing them food and shelter. During Christmas time we would gift wrap at local malls to raise money. I became a volunteer for this foundation because my cousin was diagnosed with cancer, this foundation helped raise money for him when my aunt and uncle could no longer afford theShow MoreRelatedThe Little Tokyo Service Center and Language Barrier Assessment2277 Words   |  10 Pagesallows the co-participant to be describe the ir issues without being categorized into stereotypical generalizations. Hence, the frameworks of CRT /I allow practitioners to analyze co-participant’s situation based on their narratives of experiencing oppression in society. CSUDH’s MSW Self-Study (2009) describes the critical advancement of acknowledging the story and experience of co-participants out from the dominant culture. 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